CONTACT DERMATITIS

Contact dermatitis is an allergic reaction affecting areas of the skin which become red, itchy and inflamed after contact with certain substances. Blisters also may form on the skin. Later these areas will ooze, thicken and crack.

WHAT METALS CAUSE CONTACT DERMATITIS
Nickel, chrome and mercury are the most common causes of contact dermatitis. Nickel can be found in costume jewelry, belt buckles, and wristwatches as well as zippers, snaps and hooks on clothing. Since most commercial metals like chrome contain nickel, it is likely that contact with objects that are chrome-plated also will cause skin reactions in persons sensitive to nickel.

Contact lens solutions containing mercury also can cause problems for some sensitive individuals. Persons sensitive to mercury should check the product label before using. Many contact lens solutions are available which do not contain mercury.

Once again, avoidance is the preferred treatment. Surgical stainless steel and 14 karat gold are recommended alternatives to nickel. These contain lower levels of nickel (18 karat gold contains little, if any nickel).

REACTIONS TO COSMETICS

Cosmetics, ranging from hair dyes to toe nail polish, can cause contact dermatitis or irritating reactions. Permanent hair dyes containing paraphenylenediamine are the most frequent offenders. Dyes used in clothing also can be irritating. Other products often cited include perfume, eye shadow, nail polish, lipstick and sun-screen preparations.

Hypoallergenic products are available for most cosmetic items. These products do not contain the perfume and dye which can cause allergic symptoms. These can be purchased at most stores. A list of manufacturers of hypoallergenic cosmetics is available from the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology. Those individuals with persistent symptoms, should consult their allergist.

REACTIONS TO MEDICATIONS

The most common cause of medication contact dermatitis is neomycin. This is found in antibiotic creams. Penicillin, sulfa medications and local anesthetics (novocaine, paraben) are other possible causes. Health care workers, including physicians and dentists, are at risk because of their constant exposure to these medications.

Your allergist can recommend the appropriate medication, lotion or cream to combat allergic contact dermatitis caused by adverse reactions to medications. In an effort to prevent further allergic reactions, a physician may prescribe a medication alternative when needed.